如何利用资料写好研究论文

在留国外的学生要写研究论文的时候一定很头疼留学资料的寻找与运用吧，其实论文资料只要找到了就好办多了，本文为大家介绍留学生如何利用好材料进行研究及论文写作。

开展初步研究

执行本地或主观的学科主要研究，如果该项目需要它。有些课题和项目，将呼吁主要的研究，这意味着你将收集自己的数据。如果你有一个非常本地化的话题 – 你喜欢大学肥胖问题，比如说 – 你可能要考虑创建一个简短的问卷或分析关注的数据到项目的其他方式。

找到适合自己的样本大小。没有调查或问卷得到的每一个人。有多少人会足以让这个问题的良好意识。这将意味着什么，以收集有关肥胖表20的家伙在更衣室的意见？每个人都在你的宿舍楼？ 300人足球比赛？

有意识的偏见。瞄准不同年龄，社会经济背景和出生地点的男女，有点分散组合。

决定你将如何收集数据。如果你追求的意见，调查问卷是收集数据的最佳和最有效的方式，但它可能不是特别适用于你的话题。

如果你有兴趣的饮食习惯和垃圾食品在食堂的可用性，可以考虑张贴了午饭线旁几天一个星期和计数谁赞成沙漠，汽水，糖果或放弃的完整午餐的学生人数。保持一个流水帐。

如果你有机会获得专家或你研究的话题直接参与其他各方面谈可能是很好的。如果您想了解学校午餐，聊到吃午饭的工人，你的学校的校长，或者谁可能涉及其他人。让他们知道你研究什么，与他们谈话之前，说明该项目。

收集您的研究。一旦你选择收集方法，分发调查，观察你的行为，或者进行你的采访和收集您的研究。分析研究和总结你的调查结果的方式，你就可以使用它为你的研究。

如果您对研究假设最终被错了，不要烦恼。这本身可以是信息呈现在一个项目的良好来源，显示你的承诺手头找出话题的“真相”。

评估你的源代码。当你收集你的研究，找出最有说服力的论据和来源，并以此作为自己的参数的起跳点。如果您发现有学校配备了自动售货机的地区有较高的30％的肥胖率，你怎么可以过渡到这一个论点与研究，来支持？什么是研究怎么说？

形成了从你的研究论文声明。论文语句是希望通过展示你的研究来证明中央的事情。它应该是值得商榷和具体的，让您为所在的研究论文或项目可能走的路线图。一个好的论文陈述有助于作家不亚于阅读器，因为它给你一个有形的东西来证明与写作。

一个坏的主题句可能是“学校需要采取更多措施来避免肥胖。”这是含糊不清，难以证明。什么学校？他们需要什么呢？ “亚当斯高中可以通过去除自动售货机，并提供健康的选择的多样性显著下降在学生体内的肥胖率，甚至该地区”做了很多更提出一个论点，并给你一些东西需要证明。

了解套用并有效报价。你如何展示你的研究以可读的方式吗？

意译翻译一个源到你自己的话。这些应始终归于，但没有报价，并且当你需要简单地总结位置或参数最有效的。你仍给予信贷作者，所以我们知道的观察是不是你自己的。换句话说，你可能会这样写：

据亚当斯，学校配备了自动售货机在午休房体验肥胖率的增加。

引用任何语言直接从文章来源。这是有效地使用时有什么东西在你想强调或突出作为研究的一部分来源的写法：

据亚当斯，“自动售货机的加入显着地提高学生的垃圾食物的欲望在这些学校，造成奖励他们的错误选择的连锁反应。”

学会识别和避免抄袭。它可能会意外地发生，所以你需要学会识别它发生的方式和避免它。

引用你的源代码。如果你正在写一个研究文章，你需要学习如何有效地提供引文信息为每个参考源，无论是转述或引用，整个源。使用括号或脚注中引用论文的文本，包括引用的列表，或在文章的最后，包括每个源的发布信息的作品引页。你的老师可能需要您使用引用的一个特定的风格，但最流行的包括：工作重点

APA

Chicago Style

Turabian

Conducting Primary Research

Perform primary research for local or subjective subjects, if the project calls for it. Some topics and projects will call for primary research, which means that you’ll collect the data yourself. If you’ve got a really localized topic–like the obesity problem at your University, for instance–you might want to consider creating a short questionnaire or other way of analyzing data of concern to your project.

Find a sample size that works for you. No surveys or questionnaires get to everyone. How many would be enough to get a good sense of the issue. Will it mean anything to gather opinions about obesity form 20 guys in the locker room? Everyone on your dorm floor? 300 people at the football game?

Be conscious of bias. Aim for a somewhat distributed mix of men and women, of different ages, socioeconomic backgrounds, and places of birth.

Decide how you’ll collect your data. If you’re after opinions, a questionnaire is the best and most efficient way of collecting data, but it might not be particularly applicable to your topic.

If you’re interested in food habits and the availability of junk food in cafeterias, consider posting up beside the lunch line a few days a week and counting the number of students who forego the full lunches in favor of deserts, sodas, or candy. Keep a running tally.

Interviews might be good if you have access to experts or other parties involved directly in the topic you’re researching. If you want to learn about school lunches, talk to the lunch workers, the principal of your school, or other people who may be involved. Let them know what you’re researching and explain the project before talking to them.

Gather your research. Once you’ve picked a method of collection, distribute your surveys, observe your behaviors, or conduct your interviews and collect your research. Analyze the research and summarize your findings in a way that you’ll be able to use it for your research.

If your hypothesis about the research ends up being wrong, don’t fret. This in and of itself can be a good source of information to present in a project, displaying your commitment to finding out “the truth” of the topic at hand.

Evaluate your sources. When you’ve collected your research, identify the most persuasive arguments and sources and use them as a jumping off point for your own argument. If you found that districts with schools that feature vending machines experience a 30 percent higher obesity rate, how can you transition that into an argument to support with that research? What does the research say?

Form a thesis statement from your research. A thesis statement is the central thing you hope to prove by presenting your research. It should be debatable and specific, giving you a road map for where the research essay or project might go. A good thesis statement helps the writer as much as the reader, because it gives you a tangible thing to prove with the writing.

A bad thesis statement might be “Schools need to do more to avoid obesity.” This is vague and difficult to prove. What schools? What do they need to do? “Adams High School could significantly drop the obesity rate in the student body and even the region by removing the vending machines and offering a diversity of healthy choices” does a lot more to present an argument and give you something to prove.

Learn to paraphrase and quote effectively. How do you present your research in a readable way?

Paraphrase to translate a source into your own words. These should always be attributed, but not quoted, and are most effective when you need to briefly summarize a position or argument. You’ve still given credit to the author, so we know the observation isn’t your own. In other words, you might write:

According to Adams, schools that feature vending machines in the lunch rooms experience an increase in obesity rates.

Quote any language directly sourced from the article. This is effectively used when there’s something in the wording of the source that you want to emphasize or highlight as part of your research:

According to Adams, “The inclusion of vending machines markedly increases the junk food desires of students in those schools, resulting in a chain reaction that rewards their bad choices.”

Learn to recognize and avoid plagiarism. It can happen accidentally, so you need to learn to recognize the ways in which it occurs and avoid it.

Cite your sources. If you’re writing a research essay, you need to learn to effectively provide citation information for each source you reference, be it paraphrase or quotation, throughout the source. Use a parenthetical or footnote citation in the text of your paper, and include a list of references or a Works Cited page at the end of the paper including the publishing information for each source. Your teacher may want you to use a particular style of citation, but the most popular include:MLA

APA

Chicago Style

Turabian