Argument Essay是国外大学中再常见不过的essay类型,我们很多留学生在进行argument essay写作的时候可能会废话连篇,此举是万万不可的,在英语学习大人孟庆伟看来,argument essay写作开头段只需要做到清晰陈述自己的观点就够了,顶多再加上对题目的核心作简要的定义、解释或说明。立场清晰只是开始,一篇高分argument essay的正文段论证肯定是充分的、有说服力的。和正文论证段落相比,开头段更简单、更好写。关键是能否写得清晰、简洁、直接、言之有物、令人印象深刻,如果你想你的Argument Essay获得更高的分数,那么就要杜绝废话连篇的开头!
下面Meeloun小编整理了几个argument essay题目以及开头段的写作范文,我们就以实例范文来为大家剖析如何写开头段:
题目1:To what extent do you think China is a global innovation powerhouse?
开头段:Innovation, properly understood, should not be equated with invention. Etymologically, innovation is a form of renewing or reshuffling existing components or systems. Just as any abstract concept, innovation can be measured on a scale: North Korea and Afghanistan at one end of the spectrum, Israel and America on the other. China, though an emerging welterweight performer, is hardly a global innovator.
剖析:这个开头段共四句话。第一句指出了”innovation”和”invention”这两个容易混淆的概念。第二句用按照自己的理解对”innovation”做了定义。第三句通过列举几个国家说明了创新的差距,也为正文埋下了伏笔。第四句给出立场。每个句子都像是一颗子弹,必须做到弹无虚发。
题目2:Is affirmative action a just mechanism? Why or why not?
开头段:However many variants it has across the globe, and however differing the circumstances have been, affirmative action can be said to be a preferential mechanism for certain groups of people in a society who are deemed to have been historically wronged and/or are still disadvantaged. Such a scheme per se does not guarantee that it is a just one. As a matter of fact, affirmative action is a well-meaning theory at best and an ill-functioning policy at worst.
剖析:开头段共三句话。这并不是一个模板,只是因为想表达的观点只需要用三句话就可以完成。这个开头段其实并不短,但我需要这么长的段落,少一个字都不能充分表达我想要表达的意思。第一句虽然是个长句,但精炼地定义了“平权运动”,并指出了它的多样性和复杂性。第二句引出立场,第三句对立场做了精准、细致的表达。是为首段。
题目3:Do you agree that the language we speak shapes how we think?
开头段:At the one end of this long-standing disturbing issue stands Benjamin Lee Whorf, who famously argued for linguistic relativity; at the other end, notably Noam Chomsky, who trumpets universalism. Despite the refreshing research done by Lera Boroditsky, I am more Chomskian than Whorfian.
剖析:这个开头段仅有两句话。读者应该能够发现这篇文章是基于阅读材料的。没错,所以里面提到了话题相关的核心人物。第一句简要概括这个题目背后涉及到的语言学争论,第二句干脆利落表明立场。力争做到像《风格的要素》(The Elements of Style) 里说的一样”every word tell”。
题目4:Is governmental funding the best source for the arts?
开头段:Among all the possible sources of funding for the arts, governmental funding, albeit imperfect, stands out as the best.
剖析:没错,这个开头段仅一句话,因为足够了。这个话题读者太熟悉了,完全没必要绕什么背景。一个句子23个词(包括标点)搞定开头,直入正题。
大家可能发现了,上面四个开头段一个比一个短。事实上,一个比一个少一句。足以说明两点:
1. 真正的写作,包括开头写作,应该关乎自由的思想和真诚的表达,而不是受教条式模板、方法、理论的束缚。
2. 言必有物。语言是人的工具,永远要为人服务。人不能是语言的奴隶。
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