Literature Review写作常见问题

Literature review 文献综述（简称LR）是biyelunwen的核心。我们需要了解以下几个方面的问题。

问题1: LR有哪些作用呢？

LR作用主要三个作用：1）establish background（背景）；2）learn about theories and established understanding of a specific topic （了解相关话题研究）；3）act as a basis for hypotheses development（假设提出的基础）适用于定量研究；4）act as source of e or interview design

问题2: 常见的文献类型有哪些？

主要包括academic journal articles，textbook，company reports 以及其他grey literature

问题3: 文献来自哪里？

最最好用的当然是你们大学得电子图书馆，具体怎么检索，我给大家举个例子。

如何使用具体的一个数据库查找文献，以Academic Search Premier为例

（进入学校电子图书馆，选择database：academic search premier）

（注意：有些大学的图书馆不需要选择database，可以直接搜索，就像我给大家举的例子 Brunel university）

1.Enter key words: use OR or And; narrow the field to search

2.limit the type: 选择peer reviewed journals，出版日期，类型

1. 进一步缩小范围，选择subject
2. 得到检索结果(fulltext pdf就是我们要下载的文献）；评估文献

问题4: 怎么做到critical review

首先，我们写lr部分千万不能像列清单一样， 比如说某某人研究表明… 某某人觉得…我们可以使用thematic approach 整合文献。文献综述要做到critical ，可以考虑这样几个问题，前人研究的角度是什么？得出哪些结论？有没有就某一方面达成共识？为什么没有？前人研究意义何在？对我们自己的论文有什么指导意义或借鉴价值？不足在哪里？

问题5: 常用表达的表达有哪些？

整篇文章每部分都有万能的表达方式，值得借鉴，但是不能直接抄哦。可以paraphrase（具体技巧下次聊）否则会被判plagiarism 。我给大家列举一些常用的表达。

General description (总体描述相关文献)

A large and growing body of literature has investigated

More recent attention has focused on the provision of…

Much of the current literature on X pays particular attention to…

Over the past decade most research in X has emphasized the use of…

There is a large volume of published studies describing the role of …

In recent years, there has been an increasing amount of literature on…

During the past 30 years, much more information has become available on…

A considerable amount of literature has been published on X. These studies…

The first serious discussions and analyses of X emerged during the 1970s with…

Reference to single investigations in the past: researcher(s) as sentence subject (refer to 过去的单个研究)

XX found that as levels of literacy and education of the population rise ….

XX showed that reducing X to… (see Figure 2) .

XX demonstrated that when the maximum temperature is exceeded ….

XX investigated the differential impact of formal and non-formal education on ….

XX analysed the data from 72 countries and concluded that ….

XX reviewed the literature from the period and found little evidence for this …..

XX interviewed 250 undergraduate students using semi-structured ….

XX studied the effects of X on unprotected nerve cells.